Airy functions

Airy functions#

Airy function \(\mathrm{Ai}(x)\)#

ctx.airy_ai(x, scaled=False)#

where ctx is math53, ctxboost or ctxflint.

Returns the Airy function \(\mathrm{Ai}(x)\), with \(x \in \mathbb{C}\).

If scaled is True, then \(\mathrm{Ai}(x) \exp(\sqrt{x} \cdot 2x/3)\) is returned, except for a real ctx with \(x \le 0\) where just \(\mathrm{Ai}(x)\) is returned.

See also Wikipedia [1400], MathWorld [1012], MathWorld [270], NIST [456], BoostMath [118], Ehrhardt [309] (3.1.7.1), Mpmath [652].

The function \(\mathrm{Ai}(x)\) can be defined as

\[\mathrm{Ai}(x) = \frac{1}{3^{2/3}\Gamma(2/3)} {}_0F_1\left(\frac{2}{3},\frac{x^3}{9}\right) - \frac{x}{3^{1/3}\Gamma(1/3)} {}_0F_1\left(\frac{4}{3},\frac{x^3}{9}\right).\]

The wpf figures below are showing the real part (left figure), imaginary part (middle figure) and absolute value with color-coded phase (right figure) of the complex function \(z = \mathrm{Ai}(x + iy)\) \(-6 \le x \le 6\) (blue axis), \(-6 \le y \le 6\) (red axis), \(-10 \le z \le 10\) (green axis). Function values are loglog-transformed.

02a_TestAiryAi_re \(\quad\) 02b_TestAiryAi_im \(\quad\) 02c_TestAiryAi_abs

The corresponding scaled function looks like this:

03a_TestAiryAie_re \(\quad\) 03b_TestAiryAie_im \(\quad\) 03c_TestAiryAie_abs

An example in Python

>>> from xlcalcnet import xreal
>>> xreal.AiryAi(0.5)
xreal('5.2359877559829887307E-1')
>>> xreal.AiryAi('0.51')
xreal('5.3518479027559984754E-1')

An example in Visual Basic

>>> from xlcalcnet import Gpr
>>> Gpr.AiryAi(0.5)
Gpr('5.2359877559829887307E-1')
>>> Gpr.AiryAi('0.51')
Gpr('5.3518479027559984754E-1')

Airy function \(\mathrm{Bi}(x)\)#

ctx.airy_bi(x, scaled=False)#

where ctx is math53, ctxboost or ctxflint.

Returns the Airy function \(\mathrm{Bi}(x)\), with \(x \in \mathbb{C}\).

If scaled is True, then \(\mathrm{Bi}(x) \exp(-|\Re (\sqrt{x} \cdot 2x/3)|)\) is returned, except for a real ctx with \(x \le 0\) where just \(\mathrm{Bi}(x)\) is returned.

See also Wikipedia [1400], MathWorld [1012], MathWorld [272], NIST [456], BoostMath [119], Ehrhardt [309] (3.1.7.2), Mpmath [653].

The function \(\mathrm{Bi}(x)\) can be defined as

\[\mathrm{Bi}(x) = \frac{1}{3^{1/6}\Gamma(2/3)} {}_0F_1\left(\frac{2}{3},\frac{x^3}{9}\right) + \frac{3^{1/6} x}{\Gamma(1/3)} {}_0F_1\left(\frac{4}{3},\frac{x^3}{9}\right).\]

The wpf figures below are showing the real part (left figure), imaginary part (middle figure) and absolute value with color-coded phase (right figure) of the complex function \(z = \mathrm{Bi}(x + iy)\) with \(-6 \le x \le 6\) (blue axis), \(-6 \le y \le 6\) (red axis), \(-10 \le z \le 10\) (green axis). Function values are loglog-transformed.

04a_TestAiryBi_re \(\quad\) 04b_TestAiryBi_im \(\quad\) 04c_TestAiryBi_abs

The corresponding scaled function looks like this:

05a_TestAiryBie_re \(\quad\) 05b_TestAiryBie_im \(\quad\) 05c_TestAiryBie_abs

An example in Python

>>> from xlcalcnet import xreal
>>> xreal.AiryBi(0.5)
xreal('5.2359877559829887307E-1')
>>> xreal.AiryBi('0.51')
xreal('5.3518479027559984754E-1')

An example in Visual Basic

>>> from xlcalcnet import Gpr
>>> Gpr.AiryBi(0.5)
Gpr('5.2359877559829887307E-1')
>>> Gpr.AiryBi('0.51')
Gpr('5.3518479027559984754E-1')

First derivative of the Airy function \(\mathrm{Ai}\), \(\mathrm{Ai}'(x)\)#

ctx.airy_ai_prime(x, scaled=False)#

where ctx is math53, ctxboost or ctxflint.

Returns \(\mathrm{Ai}'(x)\), the first derivative (with respect to \(x\)) of the Airy function \(\mathrm{Ai}(x)\), with \(x \in \mathbb{C}\).

If scaled is True, then \(\mathrm{Ai}'(x) \exp(\sqrt{x} \cdot 2x/3)\) is returned, except for a real ctx with \(x \le 0\) where just \(\mathrm{Ai}'(x)\) is returned.

See also Wikipedia [1400], MathWorld [1012], MathWorld [271], NIST [456], BoostMath [138], Ehrhardt [309] (3.1.7.3).

The function \(\mathrm{Ai}'(x)\) can be defined as

\[\mathrm{Ai}'(x) = \frac{x^2}{2 \cdot 3^{2/3}\Gamma(2/3)} {}_0F_1\left(\frac{5}{3},\frac{x^3}{9}\right) - \frac{1}{3^{1/3}\Gamma(1/3)} {}_0F_1\left(\frac{1}{3},\frac{x^3}{9}\right).\]

The wpf figures below are showing the real part (left figure), imaginary part (middle figure) and absolute value with color-coded phase (right figure) of the complex function \(z = \mathrm{Ai}'(x + iy)\) with \(\nu=0\) and \(-6 \le x \le 6\) (blue axis), \(-6 \le y \le 6\) (red axis), \(-10 \le z \le 10\) (green axis). Function values are loglog-transformed.

An example in Python

>>> from xlcalcnet import xreal
>>> xreal.AiryAiPrime(0.5)
xreal('5.2359877559829887307E-1')
>>> xreal.AiryAiPrime('0.51')
xreal('5.3518479027559984754E-1')

An example in Visual Basic

>>> from xlcalcnet import Gpr
>>> Gpr.AiryAiPrime(0.5)
Gpr('5.2359877559829887307E-1')
>>> Gpr.AiryAiPrime('0.51')
Gpr('5.3518479027559984754E-1')

First derivative of the Airy function \(\mathrm{Bi}\), \(\mathrm{Bi}'(x)\)#

ctx.airy_bi_prime(x, scaled=False)#

where ctx is math53, ctxboost or ctxflint.

Returns \(\mathrm{Bi}'(x)\), the first derivative (with respect to \(x\)) of the Airy function \(\mathrm{Bi}(x)\), with \(x \in \mathbb{C}\).

If scaled is True, then \(\mathrm{Bi}'(x) \exp(-|\Re (\sqrt{x} \cdot 2x/3)|)\) is returned, except for a real ctx with \(x \le 0\) where just \(\mathrm{Bi}'(x)\) is returned.

See also Wikipedia [1400], MathWorld [1012], MathWorld [273], NIST [456], BoostMath [139], Ehrhardt [309] (3.1.7.4) and (3.1.7.6).

The function can be defined as

\[\mathrm{Bi}'(x) = \frac{x^2}{2 \cdot 3^{1/6}\Gamma(2/3)} {}_0F_1\left(\frac{5}{3},\frac{x^3}{9}\right) + \frac{3^{1/6}}{\Gamma(1/3)} {}_0F_1\left(\frac{1}{3},\frac{x^3}{9}\right).\]

The wpf figures below are showing the real part (left figure), imaginary part (middle figure) and absolute value with color-coded phase (right figure) of the complex function \(z = \mathrm{Bi}'(x + iy)\) with \(\nu=0\) and \(-6 \le x \le 6\) (blue axis), \(-6 \le y \le 6\) (red axis), \(-10 \le z \le 10\) (green axis). Function values are loglog-transformed.

An example in Python

>>> from xlcalcnet import xreal
>>> xreal.AiryAiPrime(0.5)
xreal('5.2359877559829887307E-1')
>>> xreal.AiryAiPrime('0.51')
xreal('5.3518479027559984754E-1')

An example in Visual Basic

>>> from xlcalcnet import Gpr
>>> Gpr.AiryAiPrime(0.5)
Gpr('5.2359877559829887307E-1')
>>> Gpr.AiryAiPrime('0.51')
Gpr('5.3518479027559984754E-1')

Real zeros \(a_k\) of the Airy function \(\mathrm{Ai}\), \(\mathrm{Ai}(a_k)=0\)#

ctx.airy_ai_zero(k)#

where ctx is math53, ctxboost or ctxflint.

Returns the \(k\)-th zero of the Airy Ai-function. See also MathWorld [1020], NIST [456], BoostMath [119], BoostMath [139], Mpmath [669].

An example in Python

>>> from xlcalcnet import xreal
>>> xreal.AiryAiZero(5)
xreal('5.2359877559829887307E-1')
>>> xreal.AiryAiZero(17)
xreal('5.3518479027559984754E-1')

An example in Visual Basic

>>> from xlcalcnet import Gpr
>>> Gpr.AiryAiZero(5)
Gpr('5.2359877559829887307E-1')
>>> Gpr.AiryAiZero(17)
Gpr('5.3518479027559984754E-1')

Real zeros \(b_k\) of the Airy function \(\mathrm{Bi}\), \(\mathrm{Bi}(b_k)=0\)#

ctx.airy_bi_zero(k)#

where ctx is math53, ctxboost or ctxflint.

Returns the \(k\)-th zero of the Airy Bi-function. See also Wikipedia [1400], NIST [456], MathWorld [1021], BoostMath [146], Mpmath [670].

An example in Python

>>> from xlcalcnet import xreal
>>> xreal.AiryBiZero(5)
xreal('5.2359877559829887307E-1')
>>> xreal.AiryBiZero(17)
xreal('5.3518479027559984754E-1')

An example in Visual Basic

>>> from xlcalcnet import Gpr
>>> Gpr.AiryBiZero(5)
Gpr('5.2359877559829887307E-1')
>>> Gpr.AiryBiZero(17)
Gpr('5.3518479027559984754E-1')
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